Where surveillance is proposed, misused, and pushed back

The Windsor Town Council voted 5-4 on July 6, 2026 to permanently turn off the town's 16 Flock Safety cameras and end its contract, closing a months-long fight that began with a February 18 vote to switch them off while officials pressed Flock over who could access the data. The mayor said the company could not guarantee residents' privacy. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. The council voted 5-4 to turn off all 16 cameras PERMANENTLY and end the contract, with the mayor's stated reason being that Flock could not guarantee residents' privacy -- a vendor-trust rationale that does not by itself rule out a different supplier.

Killingworth is not renewing its contract for the four Flock cameras on Route 81. First Selectman Eric Couture said concerns about security and privacy surfaced after both the board of selectmen and board of finance had already approved and the town had signed -- the recurring problem of the vendor's risks becoming clear only after the deal is done. Killingworth and Windsor ended their Flock contracts the same week, as a Connecticut state law restricting ALPR use, including a ban on immigration-investigation use, takes effect in October.

Governor Ned Lamont signed HB 5449 on May 5, 2026, Connecticut's first comprehensive automated license-plate-reader law. It caps data retention, bars sharing plate data with out-of-state agencies for immigration, reproductive, or gender-affirming-care investigations, limits reciprocal sharing to Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island, requires usage reporting, and gives the Attorney General enforcement authority. It followed a CT Insider investigation showing Connecticut Flock data queried thousands of times by outside agencies for immigration purposes.

Hamden joined the wave of municipalities barring town government, including police, from using facial-recognition technology, citing accuracy, bias and privacy concerns.

Statewide group DeFlock CT is organizing against ALPR surveillance across Connecticut.

South Portland ended its Flock Safety contract, part of the wave of 82 Flock contract terminations across 28 states between August 2021 and May 2026 -- 39 of them in the first five months of 2026 alone. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

Portland, Maine voters approved a facial-recognition ban by ballot measure, with an enforcement provision letting residents sue the city over violations.

Littleton moved to cancel its Flock contract after discovering the vendor had turned the cameras back on by itself. The sequence, from the town's own update of Jul 30, 2026: in May the Select Board ordered all six cameras temporarily powered down while it reviewed the technology, governance policies and residents' privacy concerns -- the town's FAQ page dated the deactivation May 12. In late July, Select Board Chairman Gary Wilson asked the police department to verify the system's status, and the review found FIVE of the cameras on public ways had been reactivated by Flock Safety without notifying the town. The Select Board's response was physical rather than contractual: it directed the Littleton Electric Light and Water Departments to cut power to each device, then moved to cancel the contract. The town says no data was shared with other jurisdictions while the cameras were powered and that Littleton police accessed none of it; the announcement did not say how long the cameras had been live before they were caught. Why this record matters beyond one town: a municipal off switch that the vendor can override is not an off switch, and every community that has voted to pause its cameras is trusting the same company honoured the pause. Littleton is the first documented case on this map where it did not.

Salem is not renewing its Flock Safety contract and will remove the ALPRs installed at the city's entry points and major intersections, Mayor Dominick Pangallo announced July 23, 2026. The stated reason is the one driving the national wave: 'insufficient protections for the ALPR data generated by Flock's systems' -- data, the city said, that should be owned and used only for Salem's own public-safety priorities. The city credits the cameras with a role in nearly every recent major investigation and intends to keep license-plate reading through other means: a data-ownership divorce, not a surveillance retreat.

After months of resident organizing led by the group Framingham Fights Back, the Police Department decided not to renew its Flock contract. Access is shut off June 30, 2026 and the cameras decommissioned. The City Council is weighing a Trust in Local Law Enforcement ordinance to govern any future plate-reader use. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Police declined to renew on about Jun 25, 2026 after residents had pressed since February through public meetings, letters and council testimony. Two things make this record carry beyond Framingham. First, City Council Chair George King said the quiet part out loud about what a municipal cancellation actually achieves: people need to remember the cameras are everywhere, stores like Home Depot and Lowe's have them in their parking lots, so the cameras come off city streets without leaving the city. Second, the council is drafting an ordinance restricting the technology rather than simply walking away -- which matters because Waltham's city solicitor told its council it was NOT permitted to do that, so whether a municipality may legislate on ALPRs at all is unsettled between neighbouring Massachusetts cities.

After an extensive public hearing at the June 23, 2026 Select Board meeting, Tewksbury opened a comprehensive review of its Flock license-plate-reader program, and the police chief said the department had voluntarily pulled out of Flock's National Lookup Network -- now sharing plate data only with Massachusetts law enforcement. Residents pressed the board on data privacy and cybersecurity, including Flock's use of collected data for machine learning.

The City Council voted 5-2 (two present) to end ShotSpotter, ordering the city manager and police to stop using it within 90 days and remove the acoustic sensors. Critics cited false positives, no independent validation, and that SoundThinking's CrimeTracer database has been accessible to federal agencies. A caution documented by The Record: Flock cameras here remained active after officials believed they had been deactivated -- the same ghost-camera pattern later seen in Cleveland. Removal votes require verification that the hardware actually went dark.

Attleboro ended its contract with Flock Safety in March 2026 amid statewide Massachusetts pushback over automated license-plate-reader data sharing. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found, though note that neighbouring North Attleboro MA PD still appears as an active agency on Flock's transparency portal -- adjacent-agency coverage is the thing to check here rather than a new Attleboro contract.

City Manager George Proakis cancelled the town's Flock contract on January 27, 2026 after a public comment session where residents objected. A signed contract would have placed eight cameras across the city; they were never fully deployed. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Watertown's exit fed directly into state-level action: Rep. Steven Owens (D-Watertown) has filed legislation capping ALPR data retention at 14 days statewide and requiring legal authorization for many searches -- the durable version of what a single council vote cannot hold.

After Flock cameras were installed as part of an unannounced pilot, the Select Board voted unanimously to end the trial following resident objections over privacy and surveillance. Police Chief James Hicks publicly apologized for not disclosing the pilot and took responsibility for it. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor -- and this one is confirmed by the vendor itself. Natick MA PD is listed as "[Inactive]" on Flock's own public transparency portal, which is the cheapest available confirmation that a departure actually took effect.

In January 2026 Greenfield's police chief announced the city would end its Flock Safety ALPR contract, part of a wave of Massachusetts cities cancelling over federal data-sharing and ICE-access concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. Greenfield is counted among the completed Massachusetts departures alongside Cambridge, Natick, Watertown and Framingham.

Paused the program in October 2025, then terminated the contract for cause in December after discovering Flock had installed two cameras without the city awareness. A caution documented by The Record: Flock cameras here remained active after officials believed they had been deactivated -- the same ghost-camera pattern later seen in Cleveland. Removal votes require verification that the hardware actually went dark. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found -- but note a different kind of incomplete ending. This city is one of the places (with Cleveland) where terminating the Flock contract and actually ending the surveillance turned out to be two different things: the cameras did not go dark when the vote said they would. The gap between the decision and the hardware is the thing to verify here, not a new logo.

Fall River discontinued ShotSpotter; the police chief called it a costly system that was not effective enough to justify the expense.

Brookline banned town and police use of face recognition, part of the cluster of Massachusetts municipalities that prohibited the technology; its ordinance subjects rule-breaking employees to workplace discipline.

Springfield prohibited police use of face recognition in 2020 as the ban ordinances spread across Massachusetts through that summer.

Boston banned police and city use of facial recognition, and barred officers from asking another agency to run it on their behalf.

Easthampton joined neighboring western-Massachusetts cities in banning municipal use of face recognition technology by police and city government.

Cambridge, home to Harvard and MIT, banned municipal use of face recognition in early 2020, becoming one of the largest East Coast cities at the time to prohibit the technology for police and city agencies.

Northampton barred city and police use of face recognition in 2019, among the first Massachusetts communities outside Somerville to adopt a ban.

Somerville became the second US city to ban government use of facial recognition, kicking off a wave of bans across Massachusetts.

New Hampshire prohibits police from using facial recognition in combination with body-worn cameras.

New Jersey requires prosecutors to notify defendants when facial recognition was used in their case, under a 2024 attorney general directive, and limits how results may be used.

Trenton dropped ShotSpotter, one of nine cities a Seattle councilmember cited as having ended gunshot-detection contracts.

Common Council voted to revoke the Flock contract and switch to Axon, after police inadvertently opted into national data sharing and Border Patrol ran more than 2,000 immigration-related searches. Update, July 2026: Flock physically removed its 13 license plate readers from city property, finalizing an eight-month breakup that began with the council's revocation. Two caveats keep the win partial: Flock remains in Syracuse through separate contracts with Syracuse University and the Destiny USA mall, and statewide ALPR legislation from Assemblymember Pam Hunter will not be considered until the 2027 session. Completion and aftermath, July 2026: all 131 Flock cameras are down, ending an eight-month breakup -- February's 7-1 council vote for a five-year, $422,636 Axon contract (passed as officers removed protesting activists from the chamber), March's revocation of Flock's street permissions, hardware out by the May 26 deadline. But critics say the switch solved nothing: the NYCLU strategist on the city's own surveillance working group reports being refused both the ALPR policy and the Axon contract for six months, and notes Axon's reach -- body cameras, drones, and its Fusus real-time crime center -- may raise the stakes rather than lower them. Assemblymember Pamela Hunter's Albany bill (retention caps, use limits, warrant requirements for federal or out-of-state sharing) is the proposal privacy advocates now point to as the fix that survives vendor swaps. Axon's plate product is Fleet 3, a dual-view 4K reader that checks scans against hotlists; notably, local demonstrators rallied against Axon too, not only Flock, over its own federal relationships -- underscoring that for Syracuse activists the objection was to the surveillance, not merely the vendor. Then the follow-through stalled. As of July 24, 2026 -- nearly a year after the vote to drop Flock and five months after the Common Council approved the Axon contract 7-1 on February 9 -- the Flock cameras were reportedly still physically standing. Daniel Schwarz, a senior privacy and technology strategist with the New York Civil Liberties Union who sat on the city's own Surveillance Technology Working Group, says he was shut out of the replacement process: he requested the department's ALPR policy and the Axon contract more than six months ago and has received neither, and was never consulted on the contract's terms. He notes this mirrors how the city adopted Flock in 2023, when the group was likewise never shown any specific language. His own conclusion is the one worth recording here, because it cuts against reading a vendor change as a remedy: every one of these vendors presents surveillance risk and opportunity for abuse, all of them function by tracking any driver around the clock, and Axon's reach may raise the stakes rather than lower them because it sells far more than plate readers. Questions also remain unanswered about what data was shared during the Flock period. So Syracuse is a switch on paper whose oversight body cannot see the contract that replaced the system it reviewed.

Legislation introduced at the July 13, 2026 city council meeting would end Binghamton's contract with Flock Safety, citing privacy, data-misuse, and wrongful-stop concerns. Pending a vote.

Village considering restrictions and limits on ALPR use.

Village cancelled its Flock contract after more than 450 residents petitioned officials. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

The Onondaga County Legislature approved a biometric-surveillance disclosure law in May 2026 (12-5), requiring public disclosure when biometric surveillance is used. It passed alongside the City of Syracuse's ban on facial recognition in places of public accommodation, part of a wave of central New York action modeled on a proposed statewide ban.

County legislature voted to end the Flock contract and remove the license plate readers and gunshot detectors used by the sheriff office. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. The county legislature voted at a special meeting in about Apr 21, 2026 to end the relationship, roughly six weeks after Ithaca. Note the scope, which is wider than ALPR alone -- the Sheriff's Office contract covered static plate readers AND gunshot-detection software, so this is two surveillance systems ending, not one. Also state-grant funded via GIVE. A correction published by the Ithaca Voice is worth carrying: an earlier report that the legislature had voted against RENEWING the Flock contract was wrong; that vote was about whether to accept the grant money that paid for it.

Village board voted 4-1 to cancel the Flock contract and never re-enter, after only 3 of 12 planned cameras had been installed. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor, and this is stronger than a cancellation -- on Mar 9, 2026 the village board voted 4-1 on an amended resolution that TERMINATED the Flock contract AND BANNED further installation of the company's cameras in the village, which forecloses a quiet return in a way a lapsed contract does not. Trustee Aurora White, who proposed the ban, put the reason on the vendor rather than the technology, saying Flock's data practices were what made it a company the village did not want as a business partner. The village of about 5,000 had signed in 2024 using a state public-safety grant, for roughly a dozen devices at about $32,000 a year -- reported as six license plate readers plus six AI cameras. What turned the room was process: emails showed the idea had circulated since a 2023 vandalism string, and residents and a Harrietstown council member argued the program was approved without the public knowing, with one telling the board every image captured had been taken in violation of the policies taxpayers were funding.

Common Council voted to terminate its Flock contract as out of line with Ithaca sanctuary-city policies. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor -- but DO NOT READ THIS AS FLOCK LEAVING ITHACA. The Common Council voted unanimously on Mar 4, 2026 to terminate the CITY contract, ending Ithaca Police Department use after nearly three years, with Mayor Robert Cantelmo citing resident feedback. The Tompkins County Sheriff's Office and the Cornell University Police Department operate their own Flock contracts covering the same streets, and neither is under the council's purview. Tompkins County did cancel the following month; CORNELL IS NOT RECORDED AS HAVING DONE SO, so cameras may still be running in the city under university contract. This is the sharpest example on the map of why a municipal vote does not clear a jurisdiction. Funding note: the cameras were paid for by New York State's GIVE (Gun Involved Violence Elimination) grant, not the city budget.

Council moved to stop payments to Flock; the mayor declared a state of emergency to keep the cameras on, and the council sued over the emergency order and the contract renewal.

Residents successfully pushed back against a Flock contract, per the NYCLU. Details are limited.

Residents successfully pushed back against a Flock contract, per the NYCLU. Details are limited.

Syracuse lawmakers blocked the police department's drone program four separate times in 2025, demanding privacy protections before any deployment.

With its SoundThinking contract expiring at the end of 2025 after nearly 8.5 million dollars spent over a decade, Pittsburgh faced a contested renewal debate; a 2025 city controller audit and critics questioned the system's effectiveness and its concentration in Black neighborhoods.

Pittsburgh passed a rule regulating municipal use of face recognition, which the EFF counts among cities restricting the technology; critics noted loopholes that one council member called significant.

The Town Council voted 5-0 to terminate its Flock Safety contract and asked staff to take the license plate readers down as soon as possible, after councillors said they had received hundreds of emails from residents raising misuse and privacy concerns. Councillor Michael Marran said that just because the technology exists does not mean the town should use it; Councillor Deborah Bergner said the potential for federal use of the data made the risk too unpredictable to measure. A Flock representative said he respected the decision and maintained the company does not sell data and that the community owns it. The Rhode Island Police Chiefs Association defended the technology as a tool for solving crimes with privacy safeguards in place. IMPORTANT LIMIT ON THIS RESULT: Rhode Island State Police hold their own separate Flock contract, so cameras can still appear inside South Kingstown along state roads. Ending the town contract removes the town's cameras, not all cameras in the town. The town is seeking a partial refund of remaining operational costs.

Portsmouth's town council rejected a proposal to place Flock Safety cameras in town in January 2026, a month after neighboring Warren did the same -- two Rhode Island towns declining the network at the proposal stage.

Warren's town council rejected a proposal to place Flock Safety cameras in town in December 2025 -- stopping the network before it started, the cheapest kind of win.

Providence launched Rhode Island's first real-time crime center, letting detectives pull live feeds from hundreds of public and private cameras through Axon's Fusus platform. The city is paying $750,000 to run the system through at least July 2028 under a contract signed in June 2024 that auto-renews annually, funded by a $1 million federal earmark secured by Sen. Jack Reed. Private camera owners opt in voluntarily -- the model that quietly folds privately owned cameras into a police surveillance network without any city-wide vote on mass surveillance.

Vermont enacted one of the country's strictest limits on police facial recognition, effectively barring most law-enforcement use.

THE RENEWAL PASSED. On Jul 20, 2026 the Park Ridge City Council approved a one-year extension of its Flock contract 5-1, and the arithmetic of how is the record: as a sole-source contract it needed a two-thirds supermajority, at least five votes. Two alderpersons were absent, which under the city attorney's reading let Mayor Marty Maloney cast a vote that counted toward the supermajority. The measure had cleared its first reading 6-1 on Jul 6, with Ald. Fred Sanchez opposed both times. Police Chief Bob Kampwirth told the council the cameras were useful and did not invade privacy. Resident Erik Olijnyk urged rejection, arguing nothing prevents officers from sharing data with federal immigration authorities. Filed here because a map that logs only the cancellations is an argument rather than a record -- and because a one-year term means Park Ridge decides again in 2027.

Rockford already ran roughly 130 Flock cameras on its roads and in its squad cars when the council took up an expansion on March 2, 2026. The meeting ran hours. Every seat was filled, the room snapped and booed by turns, Mayor Tom McNamara warned the gallery about interruptions, and police escorted vocal Flock critics out of chambers. Resident Christopher Bayer, speaking to WIFR beforehand, pointed at the roughly fifty communities that had by then switched away from Flock or shut its cameras off, and asked Rockford to join them: surveillance is not safety, was how he put it. The council voted 13-1 to expand instead, approving $443,998.16 for 27 additional cameras, with Alderman Gina Meeks the lone no. Flock owns the hardware; the city holds the collected data, which flows into a Rockford Police database searchable for investigations. The record here is not a cancellation but the shape of the argument when a department is already invested: an hours-long hearing, an ejection, and a single dissenting vote on a contract that got bigger.

Evanston canceled its Flock contract in 2025 after local data sharing was revealed, bagging the cameras -- then in December 2025 the City Council voted 6-3 to approve a seven-year, $5.8 million renewal with Axon that ADDS the company's Fusus 'real-time crime center' platform, aggregating body-worn cameras, fixed surveillance cameras and outside feeds (including Evanston Township High School) into a 'single pane of glass' augmented by Axon's CORE AI. The city has contracted with Axon for over 15 years. Ending one vendor's plate readers did not end the surveillance build-out; it moved it to the incumbent. RECLASSIFIED from removed to switched -- the vendor field already recorded the successor (Flock ended, replaced by Axon plus Fusus); only the action lagged.

Village board voted 4-3 on Aug. 5, 2025 to cancel its Flock Safety contract outright -- rejecting a 90-day-pause alternative -- and shut off 8 license plate cameras. Trustees cited privacy, distrust of Flock, and Illinois plate data being used for immigration enforcement against state law and the village's sanctuary ordinance; an audit confirmed Oak Park data was tapped in a Palos Heights search flagged as an "immigration violation." Cameras went dark Aug. 6. The vote came amid the Illinois Secretary of State's probe into illegal out-of-state Flock searches. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. The cause is unusually well documented for this map: an audit confirmed Oak Park data was reached in a Palos Heights search flagged as an "immigration violation," contrary to Illinois law and the village's own sanctuary ordinance, and the vote came while the Illinois Secretary of State was probing illegal out-of-state Flock searches. The board rejected a 90-day-pause alternative in favour of outright cancellation, 4-3, and the eight cameras went dark the next day -- one of the few cases on this map where the hardware stopped within 24 hours of the vote.

The Secretary of State launched an audit and Flock cut Illinois from its national lookup tool after CBP accessed Illinois data in violation of state privacy law.

Chicago ended its roughly $49 million ShotSpotter contract in 2024 after Mayor Brandon Johnson campaigned against it, citing studies showing the gunshot-detection sensors were inaccurate, drove over-policing of Black neighborhoods, and did little to reduce gun violence.

Illinois limits police use of facial recognition to serious crimes, and its Biometric Information Privacy Act tightly restricts private collection of face data.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Sterling is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Get the Flock Out Indivisible HP is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Get the Flock Out Quad Cities is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Stop Flock in Woodstock is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group StopFlock CU is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Monroe County commissioners voted 2-0 on July 23, 2026 to terminate the county's Flock Safety agreement and have all six automated license plate readers taken down, choosing to eat a $3,000 removal charge -- up to $500 per camera -- rather than let the contract run to its September 2027 expiry. Commissioner Julie Thomas moved to approve the termination letter, Jody Madeira gave what she called an enthusiastic second, and Lee Jones was absent. The original 2021 deal was $16,500 for six cameras at high-traffic locations, with a two-year term that auto-renewed in two-year blocks. What makes this one worth reading closely is that Thomas did not argue the cameras had failed. She said they had helped find missing people and investigate crimes, that the technology has a role, and that giving it up was unfortunate -- and then said the national record of how the data has been abused had changed the balance for her anyway. County attorney Jeff Cockerill said residents had asked the commissioners to review the contract. Sheriff Ruben Marte agreed to the termination, his office confirming it was in keeping with the values of most county residents, which removes the usual sheriff-versus-board dynamic entirely. The 2021 agreement obliges Flock to remove the cameras within a reasonable time but sets no deadline; Madeira asked whether the county could hood them meanwhile and Thomas said no, the county should not alter equipment it does not own. Thomas said she would prefer locally controlled technology that keeps the Amber and Silver Alert benefits without the national network. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor yet, but an explicitly stated appetite for one. Commissioner Julie Thomas did not argue the cameras had failed -- she said they had helped find missing people and investigate crimes and that giving them up was unfortunate -- and said she would PREFER LOCALLY CONTROLLED TECHNOLOGY that keeps the Amber and Silver Alert benefits without the national network. That is a specification for a replacement, not a rejection of plate reading, so treat this record as likely to change.

Fort Wayne's council has repeatedly stalled a $120,250 renewal for the city's 36 Flock cameras. The contract first failed 5-4 in May, was tabled, and on July 14 the council voted 6-1 to hold it another six weeks -- to August 25 -- while members draft amendments on data retention, information sharing, and auditing. Dozens of residents have spoken against the program at successive meetings.

Bloomington let its Flock ALPR contract lapse on March 5, 2026 and did not renew, though the mayor only disclosed it on April 15 -- six weeks after the expiry, and one day before a city council deadline for the administration to hand over information about the system. The pressure behind it was substantial: an estimated 700 people rallied outside city hall on January 30 linking the cameras to immigration enforcement and movement tracking, and the mayor said then that cancellation was one of the options. The city's inventory ran to 11 fixed plate readers, four fixed video cameras and four mobile trailers combining plate reading, video and gunshot detection. On July 23, 2026 the mayor's office said all the plate readers had been removed and the Flock contract cancelled. Two caveats keep this from being closed. In June a local Democratic Socialists working group demanded documented proof that every device was gone, noting residents had no way to verify it, and asked that future surveillance contracts require council approval. And the city's own wording distinguishes plate readers from other kinds of cameras, which is the crux -- Flock sells devices and services beyond dedicated ALPRs, so a cancelled ALPR contract is not necessarily an exit. On July 23 a Monroe County commissioner publicly urged the city to finish the job, saying cameras were still out there and could be found online. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

The city declined to advance an ordinance that would have let its police department buy ALPRs in 2019, following opposition from residents.

Local group Flock Out of SW IN is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Coralville's City Council voted in February 2026 to cancel its existing Flock ALPR contract. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

Local group Eyes Off Cedar Rapids is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Lenexa is the case that proves the fight is bigger than one company: the city runs NO Flock cameras at all, yet operates plate readers from three separate vendors -- Axon, Genetec and Leonardo. Resident Canyen Ashworth's plate was recorded by city ALPRs roughly 150 times in under two years, and police used that data to investigate him after he wrote a column criticizing the department. He has since joined the DeFlock movement. Dropping Flock would change nothing here, which is why campaigners increasingly push vendor-neutral rules instead of vendor-specific cancellations.

Lawrence has bought from Axon since 2019, and in 2024 city commissioners approved a consolidated contract adding Fusus that totals about $3.2 million through January 2029. The agenda item noted more than 100 terabytes of evidence already sat in Axon's storage and that moving it would be 'overwhelming' -- the lock-in critics warn about. 'They are trying to basically make the cost to the customer to switch vendors too high a barrier,' privacy advocate Lipton said, adding that real-time crime centers 'really encourage the adoption of additional surveillance tools.' A real-time operations center appeared in the city's draft capital plan but was not recommended for funding.

Local group Sunflower Privacy Alliance is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

THE RENEWAL SURVIVED A RECONSIDERATION. Warren has run Flock ALPR since 2021, and on Jul 14, 2026 the City Council voted 4-3 to extend the contract for a second two-year term at $132,000. The sequence is the record: Councilwoman Melody Magee had been part of a 4-2 majority approving the extension in June, then asked to reconsider her own vote, and voted against it on the retake along with Angela Rogensues and Henry Newnan. Mindy Moore, Gary Boike, Dave Dwyer and Jonathan Lafferty carried it. Magee said she accepted the cameras can aid public safety and reduce pursuits but concluded the agreement lacked sufficient privacy safeguards for residents. Ferndale Councilwoman Laura Mikulski travelled to speak against it, telling Warren that her own city cancelled after outside agencies searched its network giving vague reasons. Police Commissioner Eric Hawkins said he respected the opposition arguments but maintained the technology has great value. Lafferty framed his yes vote as buying the council an audit opportunity and said they would watch the access logs. A council member publicly reversing herself on ALPR and still losing the vote is why this is recorded as an outcome rather than left as an open campaign.

Westland let its Flock Safety contract lapse in July 2026 rather than renew it, with the existing cameras to come down when the contract expires. A councilmember said months of public meetings raised questions about privacy, government surveillance, transparency and oversight, and called the outcome proof that resident voices shape city decisions. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Note the mechanism, which differs from every other Michigan case -- Police Chief Kyle Dawley simply DECLINED TO BRING the expiring contract to the City Council for renewal, so no vote was ever held. Dawley said the council was "deeply split," and the city expected to be without cameras by the end of July 2026. A chief letting a contract lapse to avoid a losing vote is a different political route than a council defeating one, and it leaves no roll call to point at.

Bay City commissioners voted 6-2 not to move forward with a Flock Safety contract after the ACLU testified about the lack of statewide ALPR safeguards in Michigan -- another Michigan community declining the cameras before they ever went up.

City Council voted down renewal of the city's four-camera Flock program. A police officer resigned in protest at the meeting. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. The renewal -- two years at $12,000/yr for four fixed cameras at city entry points -- failed on a 3-3 tie on May 5, 2026 after roughly two hours of testimony and a Q&A with Flock representatives; a tie is short of a majority, so the contract simply died. Peltonen, Slowinski and Speshock voted no; Moffitt, O'Rourke and Tinlin voted to renew. The aftermath is the part worth keeping: two Clawson officers threatened to quit at the council meeting, and the school resource officer, Lindsay Brozich, slapped her badge down on the podium and left it there as she walked away; Sgt. Paul Korb said he was considering leaving. Chief Kellie Bauss declined to say whether anyone actually left. DATE CONTRADICTION, UNRESOLVED: the council vote was May 5, 2026, but the Who Approved This contract tracker records Clawson as canceled July 14, 2026 -- possibly a separate formal termination. Sources disagree and no primary document was found.

Oakland County's Board of Commissioners voted 13-4 in April 2026 to approve Flock's 'Project Prove It' program -- seven autonomous drones responding to 911 calls across Michigan's second-largest county. Residents testified against it until midnight over data-security and immigration-sharing fears; the board voted before public comment, adding only a data-ownership amendment.

Menominee, on Michigan's Upper Peninsula across the river from Wisconsin, cancelled its Flock Safety contract in early 2026, joining a cluster of nearby northeast Wisconsin communities that dropped the license-plate-reader vendor over privacy concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. Reported as cancelled by March 31, 2026 -- the earliest of the Michigan departures.

Milford is among the Michigan communities that decided not to renew their contracts with Flock Safety, joining Westland, Ferndale and Clawson as license-plate readers faced growing scrutiny across the state over privacy and data sharing. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. Milford voted to cancel after the beginning of May 2026, one of four Metro Detroit cities to leave Flock since November. Police Chief Scott Tarasiewicz declined to comment until the contract debate was "fully resolved."

Ferndale decided not to renew its Flock Safety contract, one of several Michigan cities -- alongside Westland, Milford and Clawson -- to walk away from the vendor amid privacy and data-sharing concerns. But the council then took up a contract with Axon for license-plate cameras instead: the plate reading did not end, it changed logos. RECLASSIFIED from switched to removed, and the vendor corrected from "flock -> axon" to "flock". Ferndale police DID briefly evaluate Axon as a replacement and then ABANDONED the search after substantial public pushback; as of July 2026 they are not looking for a Flock replacement at all. An abandoned vendor evaluation and a completed vendor switch look the same in a headline, and this record had recorded the wrong one. SUCCESSOR CHECK: complete -- Axon evaluated and abandoned, no replacement sought.

After three wrongful arrests of Black men, Detroit adopted some of the nation's strongest limits on police facial recognition. A 2019 Board of Police Commissioners policy added oversight and weekly reporting, and a 2024 settlement in Williams v. City of Detroit barred arrests or lineups based solely on a face match, required corroborating evidence, mandated training, and forced an audit of every case since 2017. Detroit police use of the technology fell about 91% from 2023 to 2025.

Minneapolis police asked the City Council for a 75-day, no-cost trial of Skydio 'Drone as First Responder' aircraft: two marked drones based at Fire Station 14, launched on 911 calls in the Fourth Precinct -- which covers much of North Minneapolis and is majority Black -- to reach scenes before officers and stream live video to dispatch. The department put the case on response time, a median of seven minutes and 48 seconds on the northside against a projected two, and Mayor Jacob Frey supported it. On July 16, 2026 the council deadlocked 6-6 and the contract failed. The mechanics matter: the deciding vote was cast by Council Vice President Jamal Osman, a co-sponsor, who switched sides over Skydio's drone sales to the Israeli military and its Department of Homeland Security immigration work -- a concern with local weight, since ICE had run Operation Metro Surge in the city roughly six months before. Forty residents testified against the pilot at the July 8 committee hearing and none in favour; more than a hundred filled the chambers and overflow room on the day. Police released thermal footage four days earlier showing a drone locating a missing 82-year-old veteran in nine minutes after a three-and-a-half-hour ground search failed, and it changed nothing. Two caveats against filing this as settled: a motion to keep the proposal off future agendas failed on the same 6-6 count, so it can come back, and the vote does not end other police drone use here. St. Paul, Minnetonka, Rochester, Brooklyn Park and Duluth all run or are building the same programme on the same vendor's hardware, which leaves Minneapolis the exception in its own metro rather than the start of a trend.

City Council voted unanimously to remove all of the city's Flock cameras after privacy concerns; several had already been taken down before the final vote. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

The police department let its roughly $24,000 Flock contract expire, citing customer-service complaints and cases where outside agencies queried its data without meeting Minnesota's case-number and reasonable-suspicion requirements, and moved to Axon license plate readers without the data-sharing function.

The City Council voted to shut off its lone license plate reader until an audit of the data could confirm how and with whom the information was being shared, amid resident concerns heightened by the federal immigration surge.

Minneapolis banned police use of facial recognition, the city where George Floyd was killed the previous year.

Statewide group Minnesota Privacy Project is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

The Kansas City Area Transportation Authority moved to put AI facial-recognition cameras on buses -- checking riders' faces against banned-rider, missing-person, and law-enforcement watch lists -- via SafeSpace Global. After funding delays and privacy pushback (a board member and the ACLU and EFF object), the pilot was postponed but the agency plans to expand it to as many as 30 buses in fall 2026.

The Dutchtown Community Improvement District voted to end its contract for eight Flock cameras when it expired in June 2026 and sought a partial refund, after a resident petition citing the company's data-sharing relationship with ICE. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

Weston's Board of Aldermen canceled the town's Flock contract about five months after voting in December 2025 to buy two cameras for $45,000, following resident organizing; the mayor said no money was paid. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Joplin is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock STL is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock U City is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Flock Out SGF is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Cleveland kept its cameras -- for now. The Safety Committee first voted 3-1 against renewing the roughly $250,000 Flock contract on June 17, 2026, and the deal expired June 29 though the cameras stayed on; the committee then reversed course on July 8, and on July 15 the full City Council approved a six-month, $125,000 extension by 9-6 after a heated debate. Council deliberately halved the term to press Mayor Justin Bibb to find a new vendor faster, and added contract fines. Guardrails now bar immigration-related and vague 'other' searches, and only Cleveland officers can search the data -- outside departments must sign individual agreements. That leaves City Hall until late December to either switch vendors or stay with Flock. Update, July 2026: after the safety committee voted 3-1 against renewing the $250,000 contract and it expired June 29, the roughly 100 cameras did not go dark -- they remained on, with police still using them days past expiry. Cleveland joined Cambridge and Eugene on the list of cities where terminating a Flock contract and actually ending the surveillance turned out to be two different things; the vote only counts if the cameras obey it. Update, July 15, 2026: after the safety committee's June vote to end the $250,000 contract, full council reversed and renewed Flock through December 29 -- but only six months, and with an amendment barring the DHS-managed Northeast Ohio Regional Fusion Center from the city's camera data. Police said Flock helped find suspects in 25 of Cleveland's 53 homicides this year and that ICE database access was disabled in fall 2025. The wrinkle that made national news: after the earlier committee vote to shut the cameras down, the 100+ cameras stayed on and police kept using them -- the same cameras-don't-die pattern seen in Cambridge and Eugene.

Bucking the national trend, Colerain Township's three trustees voted unanimously July 2026 to approve $70,000 for a Flock (or comparable) license-plate-reader trial -- reversing the township's earlier opposition, where prior attempts to buy the cameras never even reached a vote. A reminder that the wave runs both directions: as dozens of cities drop Flock over data concerns, others are signing on for the first time.

Flock cameras became the center of a City Council debate in June 2026 over whether the data could aid federal immigration enforcement.

City Council rejected a Flock camera system for the second time in nine months. The first refusal killed an $80,000 proposal for 15 cameras; the second turned down a scaled-back version of four cameras at two points along Barber Road, even though a local auto dealership had offered to pay for the system outright for two years after a run of vehicle and catalytic-converter thefts. Council members said business support was broad but residents remained opposed. Councilwoman Charlotte Whipkey said she lacked confidence the systems would not be abused; Councilman Doug DeHarpart said that as a business owner he backed them but his constituents did not. The free-to-the-city funding offer is what makes this record useful -- cost was not the obstacle, and removing the price still did not carry the vote.

Indefinitely suspended its ALPR program, covered all 72 cameras with trash bags pending removal, and canceled a planned 27-camera expansion, after finding about 7,100 immigration-related searches. The commission has not yet voted to cancel the contract; residents are demanding full removal.

The local group DeflockUA is organizing against the city ALPR program, which expanded from 6 to 20 cameras. Active local pushback, no council reversal yet.

Dayton decided to stop using ShotSpotter, part of a wave of cities concluding the technology did not reduce gun violence enough to justify the cost.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Lakewood is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

City Council voted to terminate its Flock Safety contract seven months into a two-year, $25,000 agreement, after months of residents packing council meetings in opposition. The resolution has the city pay a $12,500 buyout to exit early, remove all cameras as soon as possible, and delete the data already collected. The police chief defended the original decision as a public-safety measure never intended to invade privacy, and said Flock would not permit the city to buy only the first year -- but confirmed the cameras could come down the next day. Residents argued the program conflicted with the town's values and raised the recording of children without consent. This is the seventh entity in Dane County to end or decline to renew with Flock.

Mayor Jake Woodford moved to stop the city using Flock cameras, requesting removal no later than July 31, 2026, with the Common Council voting July 15 on ending payments and adopting public oversight. Crucially, Appleton also passed Resolution 9-R-26 -- requiring that ANY future ALPR or AI-driven mass-surveillance technology be reviewed and approved by the Common Council before a trial or contract, regardless of vendor. The police department publicly confirmed it has not sought an Axon contract or recommended replacing Flock with Axon. That vendor-neutral review requirement is the guardrail that keeps a Flock removal from quietly becoming a vendor swap. SUCCESSOR CHECK -- NOT AN EXIT. Appleton officials are working to establish new ALPR standards BEFORE INSTALLING NEW CAMERAS, so the city intends to keep automated plate reading with a different supplier and better terms. Reporting on the wider Fox Valley wave says the same of several of its members: they will not work with Flock, but many are working to find a new ALPR vendor. Read the northeast Wisconsin cluster as a rejection of one company plus a procurement reset, not as a region abandoning the technology.

Kaukauna Police announced in early July 2026 that the city did not renew its contract with Flock Safety, joining nearby Appleton, Grand Chute, Oshkosh, and Sturgeon Bay in dropping the license-plate-reader vendor over data-sharing and privacy concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Kaukauna acted after watching the Fox Valley around it leave -- Appleton, Grand Chute, Oshkosh and Sturgeon Bay -- though note Grand Chute left Flock and signed with Axon rather than stopping. Neenah is the holdout still under pressure. Local context: Menasha officer Cristian Morales was charged with misconduct in public office, a felony, for accessing Flock off duty in October to track an ex-girlfriend's car.

Grand Chute dropped its Flock ALPR cameras in July 2026 and immediately signed with Axon -- the same automated plate dragnet under a different logo, and a caution for every community counting a Flock cancellation as a win. Axon's Lightpost, built with Ubicquia into ordinary streetlights, pairs plate reading with live-streaming cameras, and Axon's ecosystem ties ALPR to body cams, drones, and AI scene analysis.

UW-Madison's police department did not renew its Flock ALPR contract, which ended June 26, 2026; the equipment was deactivated and is being removed, and UWPD says it will seek community input before choosing a new vendor. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor chosen, and the department is openly reconsidering which ALPR it uses, if any -- privacy advocates on campus are pressing for community involvement in that decision, which makes this a live procurement rather than a closed one. The scale it exited is the part worth keeping: before discontinuing, UW-Madison police shared their camera data with 168 other agencies and were receiving data from 467, per Flock's own transparency portal, and the department cited outside access including CBP and DHS. Hardware lagged the decision here too -- the contract ended June 26 and removal was announced July 3, but the solar-powered cameras were still in place and uncovered afterward, with police saying only that they were operating on the assumption the cameras were no longer collecting data.

The DeFlock Dane campaign delivered: the Dane County Board voted in April 2026 to end the Sheriff's Office Flock contract, effective May 31 -- part of a countywide wave with Verona, Fitchburg, Monona and McFarland all dropping Flock since November 2025. But the fight is not over: a sheriff's spokesperson says the office is ALREADY exploring other vendors to replace Flock, with the $80,000 a year previously paid to Flock to be redirected to a new plate-reader company. ACLU of Wisconsin and local activists are pushing for protections that stop the 'revolving door of surveillance companies' -- case-number requirements for searches, civilian hearings, independent audits, and an immigration-use ban that survive any vendor. SUCCESSOR CHECK -- DO NOT READ THIS AS CLOSED: the Sheriff's Office says it is CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVES to Flock now that the county board has pulled the funding. The board removed the money (32-1) rather than the capability, and Sheriff Kalvin Barrett had contracted with Flock without board approval in the first place, so nothing structurally prevents a different vendor. This is what ACLU of Wisconsin and DeFlock Dane mean by the "revolving door of surveillance companies," and it is the argument behind their push for CCOPS-style ordinances requiring council approval before police adopt any new surveillance tool. Removal lagged again: the subscription ended May 31, Flock did not take the cameras down, and on June 6 deputies covered all 26 with bags.

Council voted 7-0 to rescind the Flock contract less than 24 hours after approving it, after the police chief said Flock misrepresented its heat-map capability to the council. But Oshkosh is not walking away from plate readers: by June 2026 the city had formed a commission (police, a cybersecurity expert, IT staff, and residents) explicitly to vet ALTERNATIVE ALPR vendors to replace the Flock cameras, with residents urging the council to pass a binding surveillance ordinance before any new contract is signed.

After Milwaukeeans packed a Fire and Police Commission meeting and testified for nearly three hours, Police Chief Jeffrey Norman announced on Feb 6, 2026 a voluntary moratorium on all facial-recognition use and dropped a proposed deal with Biometrica that would have traded about 2.5 million jail booking photos for free FRT licenses. MPD had quietly used FRT through other agencies for years with no written policy. The Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office backed away from its own Biometrica agreement weeks later.

Residents of Verona, Wisconsin pressured the city to end its Flock Safety contract outright, a signature win for the Midwest ALPR pushback documented by local reporting. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Verona is the case that established the Wisconsin pattern of the vote and the hardware being separate events -- the council declined to renew in the fall and the contract lapsed in December, but the cameras were still standing in January, when Mayor Luke Diaz had them covered with black plastic bags. Flock agreed to remove them only after that, and the work began in February.

Grand Chute canceled its Flock Safety contract while simultaneously signing a new automated license-plate-reader contract with Axon, moving its ALPR program to a different vendor.

Sturgeon Bay voted earlier in 2026 to cancel its Flock Safety contract, part of a wave of Wisconsin communities dropping the license-plate-reader vendor over surveillance and privacy concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found.

Monona is among the Dane County-area communities that moved in 2026 to drop Flock Safety, part of a wave of Wisconsin cities and counties -- including neighboring Verona, Fitchburg, and Dane County itself -- ending license-plate-reader contracts over data-sharing and privacy concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Police Chief Brian Chaney decided in April 2026 not to renew, with renewal due April 20, and told the Common Council on May 4 that he had already suspended use -- a chief ending it on his own authority rather than losing a council vote.

Fitchburg moved in 2026 to drop its Flock Safety license-plate-reader contract, joining nearby Madison-area communities such as Verona, Monona, and Dane County in pulling back from ALPR surveillance over privacy and data-sharing concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Fitchburg voted UNANIMOUSLY to discontinue the agreement.

Neenah has faced sustained resident pushback over its Flock cameras -- multiple packed public hearings, a police-chief presentation, and organizing by the grassroots 'Deflock the Fox Valley' group -- even as the city stays under a Flock contract running through 2028 while neighboring Appleton, Oshkosh, and Kaukauna have walked away.

Green Bay went the other way: in December 2025, as neighboring Fox Valley cities dropped Flock, its council EXPANDED the contract -- a five-year, roughly $1.3 million extension that adds Flock's Aerodrone drone-as-first-responder program on top of the plate readers. The police department acknowledged community concerns about data, privacy, and the officer-misuse cases in other jurisdictions, but kept building. Kaukauna, Appleton, Grand Chute, Oshkosh, and Sturgeon Bay have all gone the opposite direction.

McFarland is among the Dane County communities that moved to end a Flock contract or cancel plans to adopt one at all, alongside Verona, Fitchburg and Monona -- the countywide wave that culminated in the County Board ending the Sheriff's Office contract in 2026.

Madison restricted some city agencies from using face recognition, though the measure left large carve-outs for police, a partial limit rather than the full bans seen elsewhere.

Alabama bars police from using a facial-recognition match as the sole basis for an arrest.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Birmingham is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

The Little Rock board voted in February 2025 to cancel its ShotSpotter contract, then reversed course in March and re-approved it; an at-large director has repeatedly opposed renewals, calling it a poor use of police resources, while the contract keeps being extended.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock D.C. is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Sumter County Sheriff Patrick Breeden suspended the office's use of Flock in late July 2026 after an internal audit found a detective had allegedly reached into multiple law-enforcement databases -- Flock, DAVID and court records -- over a personal dispute. An arrest warrant issued July 23 charged her with official misconduct under F.S. 838.022(1)(a) and offences against computer users under F.S. 815.06 for allegedly exceeding authorised access; she was notified of pending termination on arrest. The office ordered a complete internal audit of all database activity and said further charges could follow as results come back, describing the arrest as a step toward accountability and transparency. The sequence is what earns this a place here: the misuse surfaced through the agency's own audit rather than a journalist or a lawsuit, and the response was to switch the system off county-wide over a single detective's conduct -- an implicit concession that one person's access is enough to compromise the whole network. This is a suspension pending the audit, not a cancellation.

A packed Perry City Council meeting in July 2026 turned into a nearly 90-minute debate over expanding the city's Flock camera program, with residents sharply split over data security, oversight and civil liberties. After a Flock presentation, testimony from the police chief and close to an hour of public comment, the council voted to postpone any decision to its next meeting so the full council could take part, while the current trial continues.

In February 2026 the Lauderdale-by-the-Sea commission reviewed Flock, Genetec, NDI, Motorola Vigilant, and Rekor side by side to replace its LPR system -- a rare documented five-vendor bakeoff that shows the ALPR market is far wider than the Flock-versus-Axon headline. The comparison is the point: cities are no longer just renewing Flock, they are shopping the whole field.

Local chapter FLDR Brevard is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local chapter FLDR Broward is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local chapter FLDR Jacksonville is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local chapter FLDR Tampa Bay is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Statewide group Florida Digital Rights Association is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Miami Tech Enthusiast Club is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

The Nelson City Council decided to discontinue the city's use of Flock Safety cameras, reported by the Cherokee Tribune and Ledger News in late July 2026. SOURCING LIMIT, STATED PLAINLY: this record rests on the paper's headline and summary line. The vote count, the margin, the stated reason and the exact meeting date are not established here, and the date is marked approximate. It is on the map because a confirmed cancellation belongs on a map of cancellations even when the detail is thin, and it is flagged because a reader deserves to know which records are thin. Nelson is a small Cherokee County city, and Cherokee County is one of the more active Georgia jurisdictions on this map -- deputies there were disciplined over Flock searches in Jun 2026, and supervisors in the same county were separately implicated. Needs a follow-up pass for the vote.

THE RENEWAL PASSED UNANIMOUSLY, AND EXPANDED THE PROGRAMME, after the council twice refused to vote on it. Dunwoody deferred a 12-month Flock911 dispatch contract on Feb 23, 2026 after more than an hour questioning a company representative on data security, privacy practice and recent changes to Flock's terms; Mayor Lynn Deutsch asked the city to step back until its own security experts and attorneys could review. It deferred again on Mar 23. Both deferrals followed a demonstration by researcher Benn Jordan showing council members he could get into the camera system. On Apr 13, 2026 the council approved, unanimously, three things at once: the master services agreement governing the whole Flock relationship, the $15,000 Flock911 system, and a $200,000 Drone as First Responder programme. Read that last item carefully -- this was an expansion into aerial surveillance, not a continuation of the status quo. The context at the time of the vote: resident Jason Hunyar, through dozens of public-records requests over four months, had established that Dunwoody police granted four outside departments live access to Marcus Jewish Community Center cameras that the system marked do-not-share, and that Flock staff had reached into city-connected private feeds for product demonstrations, including a children's gymnastics room. The department said only live and not retained data had been reachable before it was corrected. Council concerns on record also included Flock using the city's data to train its modelling systems, and whether data reached federal immigration authorities or agencies with ICE sharing agreements. Flock apologised to MJCCA for the demonstration access. Protesters chanted shame after the vote. The council said it was satisfied with guardrails in the modified contract and that more work remained.

Atlanta discontinued ShotSpotter after a city review found it ineffective -- costing about $56,000 per gun recovered -- money officials said would be better spent elsewhere.

In Austell, Georgia, Axon's integration with Fusus was used as the justification for treating Axon as a SOLE SOURCE provider -- letting the purchase skip the usual competitive procurement and bidding process. The bundle became the argument against ever comparing vendors, exactly the dynamic that keeps surveillance contracts out of public contest.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Atlanta is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group KSU ALPRs is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Northern Georgia CAN is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Newport residents pushed back at a July 2026 city meeting on a proposal to keep at least six Flock license-plate-reader cameras permanently, questioning data tracking, data safety and misuse. Pressed on who could see the data, a city official acknowledged every officer has a login for the system. One resident summed up the mood: they trusted the police, but not Flock.

New Orleans police posted a draft drone policy that quietly dropped the department's weapon ban -- then deleted it within a day after the activist group Eye on Surveillance spotted the change and alerted council members, restoring the weapon prohibition June 30-July 1, 2026. The sequence (draft posted, council funds expansion, draft pulled) is hard to read as clerical: NOPD runs under a federal consent decree for past misconduct and secretly operated a facial-recognition program, Project New Orleans, for about two years before journalists exposed it. Skydio, which supplies NOPD's drones and pledged in 2020 never to weaponize its platforms, now says it is 'not our place to tell them what they can and can't do.' The EFF and outside experts say arming police drones likely isn't legal under current FAA rules.

New Orleans discontinued its use of ShotSpotter amid questions about accuracy and the over-policing of minority neighborhoods.

New Orleans banned city use of facial recognition in 2020, then amended the ordinance in 2022 to allow limited use for violent-crime investigations with supervisor approval.

1. Dec 2020 New Orleans banned city use of facial recognition. stateofsurveillance.org
2. Jul 2022 The city council amended the ordinance to allow limited facial-recognition use for violent-crime investigations with supervisor approval. stateofsurveillance.org

Local group Get the Flock Out of Central Louisiana is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group No Flock NO is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Maryland limits police facial recognition to serious crimes, requires notice to defendants, and bars using a match as the sole basis for an arrest.

Jackson banned police use of face recognition in August 2020, becoming one of the first cities outside California and Massachusetts to do so; council members cited privacy harms and the technology's documented misidentification of people of color.

On July 14, 2026 the Macon County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously, in two motions initiated by commissioner John Shearl, to bar the Sheriff's Office from spending county funds on Flock and to terminate the existing contract as fast as possible. The politics are the story: the organised opposition came from the Macon County Republican Party. County GOP chair Patty Trick argued Flock sells the ability to build military-style intelligence for use against civilians, describing a vehicle fingerprint logging make, colour and bumper stickers to track movement over days without a warrant, and cited the Supreme Court's Chatrie decision from two weeks earlier as establishing that government tracking of location history is a Fourth Amendment search. The party treasurer said it sounded like China; the vice-chair asked commissioners whether they were prepared to apologise to residents if the courts later found the cameras unconstitutional. More than a hundred people filled the fourth-floor courtroom and every one of the dozen-plus speakers on Flock opposed it. Sheriff Brent Holbrooks fought to keep the system, which his office had used since spring 2024 under a $31,950 contract signed in 2023, rising to an expected $47,000 in the 2026-27 budget: daily use on breaking and entering, larceny, abductions and narcotics, plus dementia patients and Silver and Amber alerts, and a recent role in recovering a kidnapped child in Jackson County. Lt. Lee Tritt, a retired State Bureau of Investigation agent, said meth seizures went from 1,241 grams in 2023 to 5,803 in 2024 after the cameras went up in March. Holbrooks also argued the vote unfairly singled out law enforcement when retailers run comparable technology freely. Flock's regional sales director Alex Gruth attended to argue that 40 court cases have upheld ALPRs, that Chatrie does not map onto snapshot-based cameras, and that fewer than 2 percent of Flock customers have exited contracts. He lost the room. One exchange is worth keeping: Shearl drove past a camera, got out of his car, and asked to see what the system had captured of him. Chief Deputy Derek Jones said he had been asked to break the law, because G.S. 20-183.33 bars the office from disclosing plate data -- a sitting commissioner could not see his own record. Gruth said exit requires three days' notice and no fee. Afterwards Jones said the office had lost access to all 16 cameras, the 12 it controlled and four placed at schools with grant money, and that nobody now has access to any of them; Flock must remove them and they were still standing on July 21. The school district said no one from either the Sheriff's Office or Flock had contacted it about the four on its property. One resident told commissioners he had counted 22 cameras in the county. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. The board barred the Sheriff's Office from spending county funds on Flock at all, which blocks a quiet renewal, and Flock's own regional sales director said exit requires three days' notice and no fee. Removal lagged as usual -- access to all 16 cameras was gone on Jul 14 but they were still standing on Jul 21, and the school district hosting four of them said nobody from the Sheriff's Office or Flock had contacted it. One resident counted 22 cameras in the county against the 16 the office controlled, so the difference is presumably private or grant-placed and unaffected.

Durham's council debated a police technology contract bundling drones, license-plate readers and Axon's Fusus platform through a nearly two-hour public hearing in June 2026, months after the city had rejected other surveillance tools. Residents named the vendor-neutral principle directly: 'It's not the brand we're concerned with,' said Damon Williams, who called the drone-and-Fusus package 'truly heinous.' 'It's that we reject the use of our money for any platform supporting any real-time crime center at all.' Another resident warned that housing public data on a third-party corporation's servers means 'you and I would be spied on by a private corporate entity with no off switch and no real accountability.' Police staff insisted Fusus was not a real-time crime center, just video aggregation.

Pittsboro tightened the rules on its nine Flock cameras under sustained pressure from residents and the community-run PittsboroCameras.org, which called the system a net of license-plate surveillance. In December 2025 the town barred use of Flock data for immigration-related searches and reproductive-care investigations, and in February 2026 it withdrew from the nationwide network, limiting sharing to North Carolina agencies. Campaigners continue to press for shutdown, data deletion and a public vote before any restart.

Town ended its Flock relationship over contract language that could let the company disclose data to government entities on a good-faith belief. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

Activists, some carrying 'Justice for Lawrence Artis' signs and a protest billboard, packed Fayetteville council meetings urging an end to the ShotSpotter contract, arguing it reinforces racial disparities in policing; the council renewed the SoundThinking deal over their objections.

Winston-Salem police decided not to renew their ShotSpotter contract in 2024 after officers found no evidence of gunfire in roughly two-thirds of the alerts they responded to; a department captain said renewing was not worth it.

Durham's city council voted -- over the mayor's objection -- to stop using ShotSpotter after two years, with critics saying it disproportionately targeted Black and Brown neighborhoods.

Charlotte ended its ShotSpotter contract, joining a wave of cities dropping acoustic gunshot detection over cost and effectiveness concerns.

Statewide group DeFlock North Carolina is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Wilmington is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Residents turned out and the cameras stayed. Choctaw's council voted 6-1 on Jul 21, 2026 to renew a one-year Flock Safety contract covering the city's four cameras, at the end of a regular meeting that included a police-department presentation, several public comments and what the local paper described as lengthy discussion among councilmembers. Councilman Brent Pendergraft cast the only vote against, saying he supported local law enforcement but was critical of the technology itself. Mayor Chad Allcox had framed the question beforehand as where the community sets the balance between public safety, privacy, transparency and individual liberty, and afterwards said supporting public safety and protecting individual liberties are not opposed. READ THE LIMITS: the department says the cameras are used only to investigate after a crime, that officers cannot see who is driving or determine race or sex, that the cameras do not check insurance, and that the contract bars sharing or selling data. Those are the department's own assurances, not findings from an audit -- no published effectiveness or usage report for the Choctaw system was found. Former Oklahoma County Sheriff and current Choctaw Police Chief John Whetsel spoke for expansion before the vote, citing a 1994 child abduction that was never solved and asking why the city does not have cameras at every school. Cameras sit at NE 23rd and Henney (both directions), NE 23rd and Triple X westbound, and SE 29th and Choctaw Road northbound. The contract was due Jul 1 and runs one year, so this returns to council in mid-2027 -- which is the point of recording renewals rather than only cancellations.

Latimer County Sheriff Adam Woodruff announced in July 2026 that his office would not use Flock automated license plate readers at all, after reviewing the technology. He acknowledged the cameras have helped other agencies solve crimes, then pointed to the national record on privacy, data sharing, transparency and potential for misuse, and said proactive policing and strong investigative work can protect the county without a system he considers an infringement on privacy. His framing -- that the people of Latimer County deserve both security and freedom, and that the office will not use Flock as long as he holds the job -- makes this a pre-emptive refusal rather than a cancellation, which is the rarer entry on this map: a sheriff declining the technology before adopting it, on his own initiative, with no contract to exit and no council vote behind him.

Residents organized as DeFlock OKC, with Oklahomans for Privacy and the ACLU of Oklahoma, are pressing the City Council to reject a third renewal of its Flock Safety contract, remove the cameras, and refuse any replacement ALPR vendor. The city pays Flock about $270,000 a year for 90 contracted cameras, though a community count maps roughly 299 across the metro, and records requests surfaced an OKCPD memo admitting no access controls, use policies, audit procedures, or transparency reporting. More than 100 residents packed a May 27, 2026 town hall and a petition has drawn hundreds of names; council members Cooper (Ward 2), Hamon (Ward 6), and Pennington (Ward 7) back removal. The renewal vote is expected in July 2026 -- pushed toward Tuesday, July 21 -- with residents filling council meetings July 7 and 21. Update, July 2026: the renewal vote set for July 21 was pushed to August -- the police department said it needed more time on the contract, and DeFlock OKC noted the item slid behind the data-center agenda again. The numbers driving the fight: the contract says 90 cameras, the community's crowdsourced map counts 299, and OKCPD confirmed in writing that no oversight exists -- no access controls, no use policies, no audit procedures, no discipline standards. Residents have packed 'Citizens to be Heard' at three straight meetings.

ALPR cameras are still reading traffic on State Highway 77 in Edmond, and the campaign against them is running through an unusual channel: the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, not the city council. Marven Goodman, the former Logan County commissioner whose records work preceded Guthrie dropping Flock, had already used ODOT to get cameras removed from trailers along State Highway 33, and said in October 2025 he was working the same route on the Highway 77 cameras. This is a removal lever that appears nowhere else on this map: where a camera sits on state right-of-way, the state transportation department can order it down and no municipality ever votes. Worth watching as a template for the many cameras mounted on state highways rather than city streets. Status as of the October 2025 legislative study; outcome not yet reported.

Guthrie was the first Oklahoma city to put Flock cameras up and the first to take them down, and the reason depends on who is asked -- all three accounts are on the record. A resident records campaign by former Logan County commissioner Marven Goodman, now publisher of the Sooner Sentinel, exposed a Flock proposal for a countywide Logan County network and drove sustained pressure. Separately, the money simply ran out: the city signed a 24-month agreement in Feb 2023 for an initial 12 cameras, paid for by a federal DOJ grant, and when the grant expired continuing would have cost about $35,000 a year -- the council declined, citing a lack of local funding and the need to prioritize projects, which makes this a contract that lapsed on schedule as much as one that was cancelled. Police Chief Don Sweger's own statement gives a third reading, that the city heard community concerns about governmental overreach and discontinued use, while adding that much of the concern rested on incorrect information about how the system worked. Effective date Feb 18, 2025, but Flock did not schedule the final uninstall until Jul 21 -- five months in which its cameras kept running free of charge. NO REPLACEMENT VENDOR was adopted. Read this as unsettled rather than closed: Sweger has publicly argued the removal created a "public safety gap," citing declining success locating stolen vehicles, wanted fugitives and hit-and-run drivers, a diminished case clearance rate and slower location of missing persons, and saying the data proves the system deterred crime. A department making that argument in the press is a department working to bring the cameras back. The campaign also headed off the proposed Logan County road network, keeping Oklahoma's first county clear of the county-road ALPR buildout. SUCCESSOR CHECK: complete -- no replacement vendor, detail above.

Local groups DeFlock GSP and Upstate Food Not Bombs are organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Statewide group DeFlock South Carolina is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Mt. Juliet, outside Nashville, runs its 'Guardian Shield' ALPR program on Rekor Scout rather than Flock -- Rekor Edge cameras at every major entrance and exit, extended under a 2026 contract. A reminder that in some towns the dominant plate-reader vendor was never Flock at all: Rekor leads in highway and corridor ALPR, and its deployments deserve the same scrutiny.

Knoxville is replacing its Flock cameras with Axon's, and it is the clearest example on this map of a switch that expands surveillance rather than reducing it. On January 20 the City Council approved a $9.4 million addition to an Axon contract the city already held -- 65 body-worn cameras, 30 in-car cameras, 116 tasers, automated drones that launch themselves to calls, and new license plate readers to replace the ones the department was already running. The contract runs to 2035. Councilmember Amelia Parker cast the only vote against, arguing residents deserved at minimum an information session on how the drones would be used; Chief Paul Noel said the drones would not be used for surveillance, that their cameras point forward rather than down in transit, and that footage is discarded after 15 days unless it becomes evidence. KPD has begun the transition off Flock. The plate-reader count is going up, not down: the department runs 10 fixed readers now and expects 27 once its Real Time Information Center is finished, that centre itself built on a separate $27.6 million Axon contract signed in January 2025 to unify camera feeds for calls and investigations. Note one inconsistency in the reporting worth resolving before citing a figure: the same account gives both 10 fixed readers and 19 mounted plus 30 integrated into dashcams. Two things extend this beyond a procurement story. Axon's Connect Knoxville programme now asks residents and businesses to buy fususCORE devices that wire private home and business cameras into the department's real-time platform, which grows the network without the city buying a single additional camera. And Knox County's Sheriff's Office wants roughly 270 readers, ten times what the city will have, while the County Commission cancelled the workshop that was to have discussed Flock at all. Axon was once a financial investor in Flock and the two systems were integrated, Axon's in-car cameras feeding plate reads straight into Flock's search platform, before the companies split and became competitors.

Nashville's Metro Council moved an ordinance branded as 'guardrails' for connected camera systems, introduced in response to privacy concerns over a possible contract for Axon's Fusus platform. Opponents were unconvinced: council member Ginny Welsch called the guardrails 'kind of a farce -- I don't think there can be any guardrail when we are giving up our privacy and putting in a surveillance system,' and EFF and Lucy Parsons Labs argued they would not protect residents, particularly around data sharing that could expose undocumented immigrants and people seeking reproductive or gender-affirming care. Local group Nash Community Safety Network continues organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group Maryville Privacy is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

With a packed City Hall, the council voted 4-2 against a multiple-use agreement with the Texas Department of Transportation that would have allowed Flock cameras inside TxDOT right-of-way along the state highways running through town. Read the sequence before scoring this as a rejection: on 24 Mar 2026 the same council passed Resolution 2026-11 authorising a grant application to buy six Flock cameras, so the cameras were already funded and the July vote governed only where they may be placed. Police Chief Guy Green told the meeting he can site them within the city with or without the agreement. Resident Bryan Ford, who opposed it, described the outcome as restricting the cameras to the outskirts rather than stopping them. Mayor Gaylynn Burris said she was surprised by the vote and that it leaves the path forward uncertain. Filed as restricted rather than denied for exactly that reason.

Conroe's council voted unanimously July 23, 2026 to table two Flock-related proposals indefinitely -- one to create a citizens advisory committee on ALPR use, one to ask whether residents could vote on the program -- leaving the city's Flock agreement (running since 2021) untouched. Residents pressed the council to invoke the contract's non-appropriation clause and terminate outright; one asked for an ordinance requiring voter approval before Conroe joins any similar surveillance program. 'We can't have liberty without privacy,' resident Jon Bouche told the council. Tabled, not resolved: the fight resumes with no date set.

Residents are pressing the City Council to cancel its Flock contract; no vote has been taken, so this is an active campaign rather than a result. Speaker John Savage told the council the cameras carry fiscal and legal liability, citing an Institute for Justice investigation into nationwide officer misuse -- including a Florida officer said to have tracked an ex-girlfriend's car 69 times -- and audits in Georgia that he said led to firings and criminal charges against more than ten officers. He also described security research attributed to independent researcher Ben Jordan: more than 60 vulnerabilities disclosed to Flock, some police cameras found broadcasting on the open internet without passwords, and law-enforcement login credentials traded on dark-web markets. The security claims are his characterisation of third-party research and are recorded here as testimony given to the council, not as findings this project has verified.

Council voted 3-2 to immediately terminate the Flock contract after a bitter fight in the roughly 900-person town; an earlier camera had been vandalized and removed. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Bandera's council voted 3-2 to terminate IMMEDIATELY in May 2026 after months of resident pressure -- eight cameras installed under a Texas public safety grant, in a town of roughly 900 people where opponents argued crime was already negligible and the system was a dragnet nobody had asked for. One resident asked how many meetings it would take before officials accepted the community did not want it; another said Flock "doesn't pass the vibe check." The aftermath is on the record: dissenting Councilman Jeff Flowers, who had complained of eyerolls and being met with Nazi rhetoric for defending the program, responded by proposing to ban cell phones, the internet, cameras and nearly all technology in the town. Another grant-funded program, ended by politics rather than by the grant expiring.

The local group DeFlock Tyler is gathering signatures to have the city remove its Flock cameras. Organizing stage, no council vote yet.

A No ALPRs coalition of more than 30 state and local organizations is pushing model surveillance-oversight policy based on Austin's TRUST Act.

Pulled back from Flock contracts amid privacy concerns, part of a wave of Texas jurisdictions cutting off ALPR vendors. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. San Marcos declined to renew in December 2025, after having already rejected an expansion of its fleet from 14 to 33 cameras in June and deactivated several then in use -- the expansion refusal came first and the non-renewal followed, so this was a program wound down in stages rather than cut off.

Fort Worth's council approved a 20-year license (renewable up to ten more years) letting Flock install and maintain NON-police license-plate cameras -- owned by homeowners associations and businesses -- in the city's public rights of way, after HOAs asked for their private cameras to stay. Several of those private camera owners feed data to the police department's real-time crime center. It is the private-network end-run in action: surveillance infrastructure on public streets that never faces the procurement votes communities have used to challenge Flock directly.

County commissioners terminated the Flock contract, citing the company practices rather than the technology itself. SUCCESSOR CHECK -- LIVE, NOT CLOSED. Hays County was the FIRST TEXAS COUNTY to end its Flock contracts, voting in October 2025 over privacy objections and against law enforcement's wishes. But county leaders have since discussed with the sheriff's office the possibility of CONTRACTING WITH OTHER LICENSE PLATE READER COMPANIES, with nothing decided. Treat this as a vendor exit with an open procurement behind it.

Became the first major city to cancel a Flock contract after community pressure, removing all city Flock cameras at the end of June 2025. But the plate reading did not stop: Austin kept its separate ALPR contract with Axon, and police were later reported (February 2026) to have used another agency as a workaround to reach Flock data. EFF's own organizers noted the Axon contract survived the Flock 'victory' -- a case study in why ending one vendor's contract is not the same as ending ALPR surveillance.

San Antonio ended its ShotSpotter contract; the police chief said the city would redirect the money to community engagement the technology could not provide.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock BCS is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Carrollton is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Temple is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

The DeFlock Harrisonburg campaign won the contract fight and lost the structural one. After thousands of resident letters and a packed Jul 15, 2026 meeting where the council committed to ending the city's 31-camera Flock program, the council voted 4-0 on Jul 28, 2026 to end the contract -- Mayor Deanna Reed, Vice Mayor Dany Fleming, and council members Laura Dent and Monica Robinson. City Manager Ande Banks said the systems would go dark that Friday and that the city would pull the cameras if removal took too long, without defining too long. READ THE LIMIT: the council did NOT adopt the ordinance barring other mass-surveillance vendors from contracting with the city, which was the third of DeFlock Harrisonburg's three stated goals. It passed a non-binding policy instead, encouraging future councils to weigh ALPR proposals against the concerns raised. Group member Giles Eanes called the result bittersweet and said the campaign continues until an ordinance passes. So the successor door is open: one vendor is gone, no standing bar replaced it. Charlottesville and Staunton had already ended their Flock contracts.

Virginia's authorization for local police facial recognition EXPIRED on Jul 1, 2026 by its own sunset clause, and the law reverted to a default prohibition. The 2022 act (SB 741, Acts of Assembly c. 737) had built the permissive regime: fourteen enumerated authorized uses, algorithms NIST-tested to at least 98 percent true positives with minimal demographic variation, no real-time tracking of an identified person in public, no image databases built from live video, a facial-recognition match barred from probable-cause affidavits but admissible as exculpatory evidence, published agency policies, annual public reports each Apr 1, query-level logging including the demographics of people searched, and misdemeanor liability plus mandatory termination for operators who ran unauthorized searches. Clause 3 of that act set it to expire Jul 1, 2026. It did. Code sections 15.2-1723.2 (local police) and 23.1-815.1 (campus police) snapped back to their 2021 text, and 52-4.5, the State Police model-policy section, lapsed outright. The standing rule now: no local agency may purchase or deploy facial recognition unless expressly authorized by statute, and a statute that does not name the technology is not authorization. Any authorizing statute must keep the system under the agency's exclusive control, keep the data confidential and unsold, and gate access behind a warrant. READ THE TRADE, because this is not a clean win: the sunset removed the oversight apparatus along with the permission. Nothing in the reverted text requires a report, a log, an accuracy standard, or a penalty for misuse. Virginia is now stricter at the gate and blind behind it, and the Apr 1 reports that let outsiders audit FRT use have no statutory basis. Commercial air service airports are exempt from the section entirely, then and now. CAVEAT ON CURRENCY: the Code of Virginia page carries a May 18, 2026 currency date and the 2026 Regular Session bill list showed no reauthorization, but a late reenactment would not appear in a May snapshot -- confirm against the 2026 Acts of Assembly.

Elkton's town council voted in July 2026 to remove its Flock cameras, joining Harrisonburg in a Shenandoah Valley wave of de-Flock decisions -- even as the Page County sheriff credited the cameras that same week in tracking a rape and abduction suspect. The valley became a live case study in the safety-versus-privacy argument, with councils siding with removal.

Suffolk is the extreme edge of the anti-Flock wave: an Air Force engineer, Jeffrey Sovern, 41, faces 25 criminal counts for allegedly cutting down 13 of the city's Flock cameras with a saw. Where most communities fight the cameras through council votes and petitions, this is the physical-removal genre in its starkest form -- one person, a saw, and a felony docket -- a measure of how much anger the cameras have generated in some places.

After approving 75 Flock Raven gunshot-detection sensors, the city found a data entry error had placed 30 of 41 installed sensors in locations the council never approved, some on private property without notice. Roanoke suspended installation and activation and began removing the misplaced sensors pending review, amid bipartisan calls from state legislators to discontinue the technology.

Residents Lee Schmidt and Crystal Arrington, backed by the Institute for Justice, sued in October 2024 over Norfolk's roughly 176 Flock cameras, arguing that a city-wide dragnet logging their daily movements is a warrantless search. In January 2026 Judge Mark Davis granted the city summary judgment, and the reasoning matters more than the result: with a rolling 21-day retention window and roughly 175 camera clusters, he held, the system does not capture enough of a person's life to be the exhaustive surveillance Carpenter worried about. Flock published that reasoning almost immediately. But Davis attached a warning to his own holding -- that as the number and capability of these cameras grow, the constitutional balance could tip the other way -- which local advocate Clayton Tye called encouraging while arguing the scale has already shifted. Norfolk had 172 cameras when the suit was filed and 176 at judgment, and on the day of the ruling the police chief told the City Council the department draws on those cameras plus more than 3,000 integrated camera streams. The case is now on appeal as Schmidt v. City of Norfolk, No. 26-1227 (4th Cir.), where the ACLU, the ACLU of Virginia and the Electronic Frontier Foundation filed a joint amicus brief in April 2026 arguing that Flock's networked databases let agencies run retrospective searches no single camera could support. Then Chatrie landed on June 29, 2026, holding that bulk location collection is a search and removing Carpenter's temporal floor -- the exact reasoning Davis relied on to distinguish 21 days. This is the case where that collision gets resolved.

1. Oct 2024 Norfolk residents Lee Schmidt and Crystal Arrington, represented by the Institute for Justice, sued the city over its 172 Flock cameras, arguing the network is a warrantless search under the Fourth Amendment. ij.org
2. Feb 2025 A federal judge ruled the lawsuit could move forward past the city motion to dismiss. ij.org
3. Jun 2025 The court rejected Flock Safety late attempt to intervene and defend its own cameras in the case. ij.org
4. Jan 2026 Judge Mark Davis ruled the 176 Flock cameras constitutional, finding they do not amount to a search. The plaintiffs said they will appeal to the Fourth Circuit. courthousenews.com

Police chief terminated the contract and removed all stationary ALPR cameras. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. Both this city and its Shenandoah Valley neighbour ended Flock contracts in December 2025, and Harrisonburg followed in July 2026 -- the regional sequence is worth reading as one campaign rather than three coincidences.

City Council voted to discontinue its Flock contract after a one-year pilot expired, removing all 10 ALPR cameras over data-protection and misuse concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. Both this city and its Shenandoah Valley neighbour ended Flock contracts in December 2025, and Harrisonburg followed in July 2026 -- the regional sequence is worth reading as one campaign rather than three coincidences.

A new state law took effect limiting the sharing and public disclosure of data collected by traffic-surveillance networks.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Chesterfield is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Fairfax is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Loudoun is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Williamsburg is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local group DeFlock the Valley is organizing against ALPR surveillance in the Shenandoah Valley.

Local group Richmond DSA is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

After organized community opposition, five Flock cameras were removed from the Galveston neighborhood in June 2026. The renewal of the city's fixed-camera Flock ALPR contract has since been tabled twice -- pulled from the July 16 agenda and pushed to the August 13, 2026 regular council meeting -- with residents vowing to pack chambers again.

Terminated its Flock Safety contract amid the statewide and national backlash over ALPR surveillance. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

Prescott held a January 2026 study session defending its $150,000-a-year ALPR program, with police and officials framing the cameras as a narrowly controlled investigative tool rather than surveillance and pushing back on what they called viral misinformation. The pro-camera side of the ledger: a city digging in and making the public case for keeping the readers.

Council voted to end the city contract for 36 Flock cameras after a public comment period dominated by surveillance and immigration concerns. SUCCESSOR CHECK: NO SUCCESSOR FOUND -- and note the grade of that answer. State-level and national searching surfaced nothing indicating a replacement vendor here, but no source positively confirms what the agency did next, so this is negative evidence rather than a verified exit. Two cheap ways to firm it up: Flock's own transparency portal marks departed agencies "[Inactive]" and publishes their data-sharing counts, and the Who Approved This tracker records how each contract was authorised.

The Board of Supervisors rejected a $1.8 million package of federal Operation Stonegarden grants in 2019 because it included funding for indiscriminate ALPRs in the border region, citing surveillance and data-storage concerns.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Tucson is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Statewide group Live Free AZ is organizing against ALPR surveillance across Arizona.

The contract dies in September and residents want it to stay dead. About 15 speakers urged the Palo Alto City Council on Jul 27, 2026 to let the city's Flock Safety contract lapse at its September expiration and to abandon the search for any replacement vendor for the 25 existing plate readers. The city is instead drafting a request for proposals whose stated terms are themselves a concession to the pushback: the next vendor must provide technical and contractual safeguards preventing federal agencies, contractors, immigration-related agencies and out-of-state agencies from accessing city data without city authorization. Police frame ALPR as crucial to investigations, recoveries and arrests. The open question this record should track: whether the council lets the contract lapse, or swaps vendors under the new safeguard language -- the Denver path, where Flock's exit became an Axon entrance with tighter terms (50 cameras not 100, 21-day retention, no vendor-run national database, mandatory query audit trails). A vendor swap under better terms is a `switched`, not a `removed`, and the difference is the whole point.

Costa Mesa's council took up its Flock ALPR contract on July 21, 2026 after months of resident pressure to end it, with immigrant-rights and youth-organizing groups (Resilience OC, Sunrise OC) warning about ICE and third-party access to plate data. City staff recommended continuing, citing 100 felony arrests, 20 recovered stolen vehicles and three missing-persons cases. The fight follows a former Costa Mesa officer's guilty plea over using law-enforcement tools including Flock to track his wife, a mistress and romantic rivals. Outcome, July 21, 2026: council voted 6-1 to KEEP the 46-camera Flock contract through its April 2027 expiration, over an outpouring of residents citing privacy and ICE data-sharing concerns. Councilmember Arlis Reynolds cast the lone no, citing contract vulnerabilities. The consolation: staff were directed to renegotiate the terms, including how Flock may access and use Costa Mesa's data. Police credited the cameras with 20 stolen-vehicle recoveries, 3 located missing persons, and 10 solved sexual-assault cases in the past year -- the argument that carried the room.

LAPD let its three-year agreement with Flock Safety expire on July 11, 2026, discontinuing use of the cameras over what chief information officer Dean Gialamas called serious civil-liberties and privacy concerns, centred on who owns the data and what happens to it after collection. But read what expiry did and did not do. THE CAMERAS NEVER STOPPED. At the Jul 14, 2026 Police Commission meeting Cmdr. Randy Goddard told commissioners that Flock's 138 pole-mounted cameras keep capturing and storing to the cloud while city attorneys negotiate; the department cannot retrieve any of it because the contract has lapsed, and Goddard said the reason to let them run is that once a new agreement is finalised LAPD could go back and pull the footage for investigations. So the lapse is a lock on the door, not an off switch -- the collection continues and the gap is being banked for retrieval. The commission adopted the Inspector General's recommendations the same day: no new camera installations and no new ALPR contracts until the city runs further public outreach and a vendor-wide review, with commission sign-off required on every future ALPR agreement regardless of cost, annual data-access audits, and a standard way of documenting stops that begin with a plate alert. AND THE VENDOR SWAP IS NOT AN ESCAPE: the OIG found the department reaches Flock and Axon data through a single backend, made possible by a data-sharing partnership between the two companies. Axon still supplies ALPR software in about 1,500 patrol cars under a contract that was set to expire at the end of July 2026. Flock was one of three ALPR vendors, and its cameras were funded by private associations and council discretionary money rather than bought by LAPD. The numbers cut both ways and both belong here: across a two-month review the OIG found officers acknowledged 161 Flock alerts as accurate matches on vehicles later determined not to be stolen -- roughly one in three hot-list alerts false, out of more than 210 million plate reads -- while over the same window ALPR alerts were credited with recovering 337 stolen vehicles and producing 68 stops and 74 arrests. Chief Jim McDonnell called ALPR a valuable investigative tool and said the department must also ensure strong privacy and security protections. The Stop LAPD Spying Coalition rallied outside headquarters before the commission meeting demanding LAPD end ALPR use permanently, not pause it. LAPD shares ALPR data with 15 other Southern California agencies. The department had not conducted a thorough audit of ALPR usage since 2022.

West Hollywood moved to launch a one-year, $750,000 Drone as First Responder pilot using LA County Sheriff's drones by the end of July 2026 -- the only city contracting with the department for DFR -- after years of starts and stops and community concern over where the footage ends up.

Following months of public comment questioning its automated license-plate readers, Mill Valley officials adopted new safeguards and cut data retention for its Flock systems. Residents had repeatedly urged the city to reconsider the contract, citing reporting from Mountain View where an internal audit found Flock systems had been set to allow nationwide lookups contrary to local policy.

Oakland police are seeking to expand the city's Flock network, monitor it in real time, and integrate PRIVATELY owned cameras into the police system. The Public Safety Committee vote stalled when a July 2026 meeting lost quorum, with supporters and opponents rallying outside City Hall. Folding private cameras into police monitoring extends the dragnet beyond anything the council originally approved -- and past the reach of the city's own oversight framework.

Pleasanton is the reverse of the Axon wave: the city ran 30 Motorola Vigilant cameras from 2020, canceled that contract in October 2025, and switched TO Flock -- a five-year, $639,760 deal for 54 replacement cameras. Then at a July 7, 2026 council meeting, a privacy researcher revealed San Diego Sector Border Patrol had accessed Pleasanton's Vigilant data, with a data-sharing report dated after the city thought it had cut federal access. Proof the vendor-swap problem runs in every direction: leaving Motorola for Flock inherited the same federal-access exposure the city was trying to escape.

Alameda County's Board of Supervisors approved a $2.4 million Flock Safety extension on a 3-2 vote at the meeting reported July 1, 2026, and the package is considerably wider than plate readers: automated license plate readers that capture the rear of passing vehicles, pan-tilt-zoom cameras giving operators a live view of public areas, and a fleet of drones. The sheriff's department also gets Nova, software that pools computer-aided dispatch and records-management data and pulls in open-source intelligence -- the kind of aggregation layer that turns separate feeds into one searchable picture of a person. The timing is the story: the vote followed the discovery that county surveillance data had been shared with federal authorities in violation of the rules governing it, which is precisely the harm the two dissenting supervisors and a run of public commenters pointed at. Supervisor David Haubert argued the board had no room to wait, saying the sheriff would otherwise fall out of contract, and dismissed the objection that Flock cameras fall unevenly on communities of color, recognizing a Black Oakland business owner in the audience who supported the system. Neighboring Oakland approved its own Flock contract in December 2025 and, months later, its police department still had not finalized it.

An SFPD audit found federal and out-of-state agencies improperly accessed Flock data, with a separate report counting 1.6 million shares in a year. The chief revoked one intelligence center access, but the department defended the system as residents demand the contract be terminated.

Berkeley has run plate readers from two vendors: Genetec readers on parking-enforcement vehicles since 2016, then Flock fixed cameras approved in 2023 (up to $425,000 over the ACLU of Northern California's objections) with 32 live by October 2024. In May 2026 the council renewed the existing 52 Flock ALPRs for up to 12 months (about $200,000) but rejected 8-1 the police department's roughly $2 million expansion to fixed cameras, community video streams, first-responder drones and Flock Nova investigations software, after a rally and more than 100 public commenters opposed it. The council then directed the city manager to run a competitive RFP so other vendors can bid, explicitly seeking 'vendor diversification' -- so the expansion is now a vendor contest, not a closed question.

City Council voted 3-2 not to renew its Flock contract, effectively ending it and saving about $315,000 over three years. SUCCESSOR CHECK -- A REPLACEMENT WAS ASKED FOR ON THE RECORD, so do not read this as closed. The council voted 3-2 on about May 6, 2026 not to renew, first in Contra Costa County to leave, with cameras going dark June 7. But Councilmember Motoyama's objection was specifically to Flock and the cloud, not to cameras: she asked whether, for the same roughly $100,000, the chief could come back with something that is NOT Flock to protect local businesses and residents, and suggested cameras that do not send data to a vendor cloud. Her stated reason for distrust was that Flock had been sued by the California Attorney General over a breach that routed data to ICE through a city. Police had documented the program solving a December 2025 robbery and two 2026 burglary series, so the operational argument for a successor is already assembled.

The city deactivated its own Flock camera network after discovering that federal officials could search its database -- then, in April 2026, issued a formal RFP specifically to replace or update the Flock system, seeking better contractual terms and independent third-party compliance audits. Richmond is pulling away from Flock, but shopping for the next plate-reader vendor rather than ending ALPR surveillance. Update, July 2026: after a marathon meeting the council voted 4-3 to extend the Flock contract through year-end while exploring alternatives, rather than terminate -- keeping the readers disabled since December as several Bay Area neighbors (Santa Cruz, Mountain View, Santa Clara County) ended their contracts outright. Supporters cited a trafficking case; opponents wanted the cameras gone. A city split down the middle, buying time.

Stockton's City Council voted 7-0 in April 2026 to approve a $3.15 million expansion of its Flock contract adding a Drone as First Responder platform through 2031, over more than an hour of public opposition centered on privacy, surveillance, and immigration enforcement.

In April 2026 Saratoga's council held a dedicated session evaluating Flock alongside its competitors -- Axon, Rekor, Verkada and PlateSmart were all presented as alternatives under active consideration. The session captured where the ALPR debate has moved: not whether to run plate readers, but which surveillance vendor gets the contract.

Police department suspended its Flock ALPRs and physically covered the lenses after an audit found a nationwide-query setting sharing data with federal agencies in violation of state law.

County board voted 3-2 to bar the sheriff's office from operating or touching Flock data, effectively neutralizing the cameras for Cupertino and Saratoga; the sheriff's office says it never shared county data with federal agencies but still backs 'responsible deployment' of ALPR. Supervisor Betty Duong, who pushed the exit while calling Flock 'so problematic,' has said she wants residents to help shape future use of AI and plate-reader technology -- 'perhaps with another vendor.' The county left Flock, not necessarily plate readers.

The Foothill-De Anza Community College District discontinued its Flock ALPR program, covering the camera lenses on Feb. 15, 2026 and disabling all data sharing. The district police department published the change on its own site. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. Confirmed against the district police department's own published notice: the ALPR program was discontinued, camera lenses covered on Feb 15, 2026, and ALL DATA SHARING DISABLED -- which is a more complete shutdown than most municipal cancellations achieve, since the sharing is usually what survives.

Disabled all 30 cameras and voted to terminate the contract after an audit revealed the ATF, Air Force, and GSA Inspector General had unauthorized access, plus an estimated 600,000 unauthorized statewide queries. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor, and the council closed the door explicitly -- several members stated they had no interest in pursuing other iterations of an ALPR program at all, which is rarer than a cancellation. The council voted UNANIMOUSLY on Feb 24, 2026 on a formal recommendation from its own police chief. Cause: Chief Mike Canfield disclosed that unauthorized law enforcement agencies had been searching the city's plate data FOR MORE THAN A YEAR, despite Flock's assurances that safeguards prevented it; the department disabled all cameras on Feb 2 pending council direction. Councilmember Ellen Kamei framed the vote as a civil-liberties safeguard question; Mayor Emily Ann Ramos tied it directly to immigration-enforcement fear in the community. Flock's response is worth recording: spokesperson Paris Lewbel said the company hoped to work with Mountain View again, noted it still serves almost 350 California cities, and said Flock had changed its California platform to block out-of-state searches -- a remediation offered after the fact.

A 30-organization coalition led by EFF and Imperial Valley Equity & Justice demanded the governor and Caltrans revoke permits and remove covert federal plate readers along the border.

On February 27, 2026 the Simi Valley Police Department disclosed what it called a vendor error in its Flock system that let federal and out-of-state agencies bypass California privacy law and access local plate data -- announced the same day as similar disclosures from Oxnard police and the Ventura County Sheriff's Office. California law bars sharing ALPR data with the federal government; the cameras remain in use as area agencies tighten controls.

After a vendor configuration error let unauthorized out-of-state agencies query local Flock data, Ventura police (23 cameras) locked settings to California-only access, began daily audits, and -- along with the Ventura County Sheriff's Office, which keeps plate data a full year and serves Moorpark, Thousand Oaks and Camarillo -- said it would consider ALTERNATIVE ALPR vendors. Neither agency suspended the cameras: the fallout points toward a vendor swap, not an end to plate reading.

Became the first California city to sever ties with Flock, ending its contract after learning local data had been shared into the national network and with ICE. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor found. Santa Cruz voted on Jan 13, 2026 and was the FIRST CALIFORNIA CITY to terminate a Flock contract -- Los Altos Hills followed two days later, and the state has since produced more than a dozen departures. The trigger across the California wave was consistent: federal and out-of-state access to camera data. A CalMatters investigation found Southern California agencies violated state law more than 100 times in a single month by sharing plate data with ICE and CBP, and a class action alleges Flock shared California data with federal agencies about 1.6 million times.

Council voted against renewing the Flock contract, decommissioning 14 cameras, after reports that Southern California agencies shared plate data with federal immigration agents in possible violation of California privacy law. But the plate-reader question stayed open: 13 cameras remain, the council discussed cutting retention from 30 days to 15, and city officials were tasked with exploring alternative camera vendors offering stronger privacy protections and stricter geofencing to keep data in California. Coverage noted it remained unclear which vendor the city would pivot to, while privacy advocates pressed for a total end to mass surveillance rather than a new logo on the same poles. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor. The council cancelled a 14-camera contract after reporting that Southern California agencies had illegally shared Flock data with federal immigration agents -- the immigration-sharing cause, not a procurement or cost dispute.

Town terminated its Flock contract amid the regional data-sharing fallout. SUCCESSOR CHECK: no replacement vendor, and this town is barred twice over. It terminated its own contract on Jan 15, 2026, and it is policed by the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office, which the county Board of Supervisors prohibited from Flock entirely on Feb 25, 2026 in a 3-2 vote -- the surveillance-use policy states the sheriff cannot operate, manage or touch the cameras, the data or the transmission from any Flock ALPR. Note what that county ban does that a city vote cannot: Cupertino and Saratoga are covered by it WITHOUT HAVING VOTED THEMSELVES, because they are served by the same sheriff. It is the inverse of the adjacent-agency gap that undermines most cancellations on this map. Removal gap applies here too -- existing cameras in the affected cities remain physically in place and merely cannot be used by law enforcement.

City council voted to continue its ALPR program over objections; the TRUST Coalition continues pressing for cancellation.

EFF and the ACLU of Northern California sued the city over warrantless ALPR searches; the database was queried nearly 4 million times in a single year.

The county moved to sharply limit the Sheriff's plate-reader data retention, one of the longest in the country.

Flock cut California from its national lookup tool, and legislators advanced bills to restrict out-of-state ALPR sharing and abortion-related searches.

In December 2024 a US federal court found NSO Group liable for hacking about 1,400 WhatsApp users with Pegasus, the first court anywhere to hold the company accountable. A jury later awarded WhatsApp 167 million dollars, and in October 2025 the court issued a permanent injunction barring NSO from targeting WhatsApp.

Chula Vista runs the country's first Drone as First Responder program, but a public-records lawsuit by La Prensa publisher Arturo Castanares forced disclosure: a California appellate court rejected the city's blanket refusal to release drone footage, and the state Supreme Court declined review, setting a statewide transparency precedent for police drones.

The EFF and ACLU affiliates of Northern California, Southern California, and San Diego & Imperial Counties sued the Marin County Sheriff in October 2021 for illegally sharing drivers' license-plate data with out-of-state and federal agencies in violation of California law -- one of the earliest ALPR data-sharing lawsuits, and a template for the federal-access fights that spread nationwide five years later.

After residents flooded the council with opposition, San Diego pulled a 1.15 million dollar ShotSpotter renewal from its July 2021 agenda and let the contract lapse; the police department later confirmed there is no contract and no plan to move forward, though SoundThinking left sensors on city property.

Santa Cruz prohibited municipal use of face recognition, one of a small group of cities the EFF lists as forbidding government use outright; the city also moved to bar predictive policing.

Alameda banned municipal use of face recognition in late 2019, one of the early California cities to prohibit police and city agencies from using the technology.

Berkeley barred city and police use of face recognition in 2019, joining a first wave of California bans; its ordinance includes whistleblower protection for employees who report violations.

Oakland banned city use of facial recognition, one of the first wave of California bans alongside San Francisco and Berkeley.

The police chief abandoned plans to adopt ALPRs in July 2019 after residents and the ACLU warned that vendor Vigilant Solutions' active ICE contract would expose the area's undocumented immigrants to federal tracking.

The City Council halted its move to adopt ALPRs in 2019 pending a state audit, after officials and residents raised concerns that local plate data could be swept up by federal immigration enforcement.

San Francisco became the first city in the United States to ban police and city use of facial recognition.

1. May 2019 San Francisco became the first city in the United States to ban police and city use of facial recognition. eff.org
2. May 2024 A Washington Post investigation found San Francisco and Austin police skirted their bans by asking officers in other agencies to run facial recognition for them. washingtonpost.com

The widest surveillance pushback in the world. It began in 2019 when San Francisco became the first city anywhere to ban police use of facial recognition, soon followed by Boston, Portland (Oregon), and others. Since then more than 100 US cities, counties, and agencies have removed, paused, denied, or restricted automated license plate readers like Flock, and several states have passed laws limiting ALPR data sharing and retention. Switch to the United States view of this map for the full breakdown.

California's SB 34, in effect since 2016, requires every agency operating license-plate readers to publish a usage and privacy policy and bars sharing ALPR data with federal or out-of-state agencies. The attorney general has invoked it to sue cities, including El Cajon, over nationwide data sharing.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Corona is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Elk Grove is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock NCCA is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Rancho Cordova is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Vallejo is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Woodland is organizing against ALPR surveillance.

Local DeFlock chapter DeFlock Yuba-Sutter is organizing against ALPR surveillance in Yuba and Sutter counties.